Use of Facebook as a pedagogical tool foruniversity education: student adherenceand reactions / Uso do Facebook como ferramenta pedagógica para o ensino superior: adesão e reações dos estudantes

This study aimed to analyze Facebook's use as a pedagogical tool for teaching didactics for graduate students in Dentistry. Seventy-two adult students participated in this study. These students attended theoretical classes, developed practical activities by Facebook, and evaluated the course through a questionnaire. Tasks were analyzed concerning the following criteria: time torespond to assignments and whether they have been finished or not. Additionally, post type and students' reactions to posts were also evaluated. Forty-three (59.8%) students have considered Facebook as a good pedagogical resource. Only 5 (22%) students answered that they had some difficulty in responding to the assignments of the course through Facebook. Most students completed their tasks through Facebook. However, in general, most students only fulfilled the assignments close to the deadline. The main reactions of the students were likes and comments. Despite its limitations, Facebook seems to be a great pedagogical resource to be inserted in post-graduate education. In addition, the students still show little participation even being in the virtual environment of Facebook (AU).

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a utilização do Facebook como ferramenta pedagógica para o ensino de didática para alunos de graduação em Odontologia. Setenta e dois alunos adultos participaram da pesquisa. Esses alunos participaram de aulas teóricas, desenvolveram atividades práticas no Facebook e avaliaram o curso por meio de um questionário. As tarefas foram analisadas em relação aos seguintes critérios: tempo para responder às atividades e se elas foram realizadas de forma completa ou incompleta. Além disso, os tipos de postagens e as reações dos alunos às postagens também foram avaliados. Quarenta e três (59,8%) alunos consideraram o Facebook um bom recurso pedagógico. Apenas 5 (22%) alunos responderam que tiveram alguma dificuldade em responder às atividades do curso pelo Facebook. A maioria dos alunos concluiu suas tarefas por meio do Facebook. No entanto, em geral, a maioria dos alunos só cumpriu astarefas perto do prazo. As principais reações dos alunos foram curtidas e comentários. Apesar de suas limitações, o Facebook parece ser um grande recurso pedagógico a ser inserido na pós-graduação. Além disso, os alunos ainda se mostram pouco participativos mesmo estando no ambiente virtual do Facebook (AU).

Dental students'knowledge and attitudes toward patients with epilepsy / Conhecimento e atitudes dos estudantes de um curso de Odontologia em relação à epilepsia

Epilepsy is defined as a group of symptoms resulting from several neuronal complications ranging from changes in consciousness and motor activity to sensory phenomena and aberrant behaviors. This health problem has been associated with cases of stigma that can seriously affect the patient's quality of life. This study's main objectivewas to investigate the knowledge and attitudes regarding the treatmentof patients diagnosed with epilepsy by undergraduate dentistry students. The methodology was based on applyinga structured questionnaire with 17 close-endedquestions that evaluated information such as sociodemographic data, knowledge about epilepsy and social tolerance. The sample consisted of 397 students enrolled in the Dentistry course atFederal University of Paranáand divided into: group 1, students attending the 1st to the 7th semester of the course,and group 2, students in the last semester of the course. Group 1 students had more opportunities to care for patients with epilepsy than group 2. Most students expressed positive attitudes towardliving with people suffering from epilepsy and considered that they could not exercise certain professional activities. The question with the least number of correct answers dealt with the treatment of patients with the disease. Students' knowledge of epilepsy was low. However, the level of positive attitudes towardliving with this type of patient was considered high (AU).

A epilepsia é definida como um complexo de sintomas resultantes de diversas complicações neuronais que variam de alterações da consciência e da atividade motora até fenômenos sensoriais e comportamentos aberrantes. Esse problema de saúde tem sido associado a casos de estigma que podem repercutir seriamente na qualidade de vida do paciente. Este estudo teve por objetivo principal investigar o conhecimento e as atitudes em relação ao manejo de pacientes com diagnóstico de epilepsia dos estudantes de graduação do curso de Odontologia. A metodologia foi baseada na aplicação de um questionário estruturado com 17 perguntas fechadas que avaliaram informações como dados sociodemográficos, conhecimento sobre epilepsia e tolerância social. A amostra foi composta por 397 estudantes matriculados no curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Paraná e dividida em: grupo 1, alunos cursando do 1º até o 7º semestre do curso e grupo 2, alunos do último semestre do curso. Os estudantes dogrupo 1 tiveram mais oportunidades para atender pacientes com epilepsia do que os do grupo 2. A maioria dos estudantes manifestou atitudes positivas em relação ao convívio com pessoas que sofrem de epilepsia e considerou que elas não poderiam exercer determinadas atividades profissionais. A questão com menor número de acertos tratava do tratamento de pacientes com a doença. O conhecimento dos estudantes em relação à epilepsia foi baixo. Porém, o nível de atitudes positivas em relação ao convívio com esse tipo de paciente foi considerado alto (AU).

Biological response to lyophilized demineralized dentin matrix implanted in the subcutaneous tissues of rats.

AIM: Lyophilized demineralized dentin matrix (LDDM) consists of a type 1 collagen complex matrix containing growth factors and no mineral crystals. Although the efficacy of LDDM for bone grafting is well known, there is limited evidence on the biological response to human lyophilized DDM. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological response of subcutaneous tissues in rats to powdered LDDM, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and Biodentine implanted using polyethylene tubes. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 10 each) depending on the experimental time intervals and were placed in polyethylene tubes containing LDDM, MTA, biodentine, and one empty control. After 3, 7, 15, and 30 observation days, the animals were sacrificed and quantitative and qualitative analysis of the subcutaneous tissue samples was carried out. The intensity of the inflammatory response was scored from 0 (no response) to 3 (severe response), and the data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: All groups exhibited moderate inflammation after 3 and 7 days of observation, with presence of inflammatory infiltrate predominantly consisting of macrophages and angioblastic proliferation being observed. After 15 observation days, the control group exhibited mild inflammation and a predominance of fibroblasts, and this differed significantly from the remaining cement groups that exhibited moderate inflammation. After 30 days of observation, all groups exhibited a mild inflammatory response, predominance of fibroblasts, and a greater amount of collagen fibers. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that LDDM exhibited an acceptable biological response similar to MTA and Biodentine in the subcutaneous tissues of rats.

GENOTOXICITY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF X-RAYS IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY. / GENOTOXICIDADE E CITOTOXICIDADE DOS RAIOS X EM CRIANÇAS SUBMETIDAS À RADIOGRAFIA PANORÂMICA.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity produced by X-rays in the epithelium of the oral mucosa of infants exposed to panoramic radiography. METHODS: The sample consisted of 30 healthy children, 19 females and 11 males, ranging in age from 4 to 10 years (average of 7 years of age). Oral mucosa cells were collected by liquid-based cytology immediately before and after seven days following the exposure to panoramic radiography. Smears were processed and stained using the modified Feulgen Rossenbeck technique. Bud and broken egg nuclear projections, changes in the form of micronuclei, and genotoxic and cytotoxic changes of pyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis were analyzed and quantified. RESULTS: The frequency of pyknosis, buds and broken eggs was significantly higher after exposure to X-rays (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference regarding gender, as well as in the other changes studied. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to X-rays emitted during submission to panoramic radiography may induce cell death in the epithelium of children's oral mucosa. No evidence was found for a significant genotoxic effect.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a genotoxicidade e a citotoxicidade produzidas por raios X no epitélio da mucosa oral de crianças durante a obtenção da radiografia panorâmica. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída por 30 crianças saudáveis, sendo 19 do sexo feminino e 11 do masculino, com faixa etária de 4 a 10 anos (média de 7 anos de idade). As células epiteliais da mucosa oral foram coletadas por meio de citologia esfoliativa em base líquida imediatamente antes e após sete dias da obtenção da radiografia panorâmica. Os esfregaços foram processados e corados utilizando a técnica de Feulgen Rossenbeck modificada. Foram analisadas e quantificadas projeções nucleares dos tipos bud e broken egg, alterações genotóxicas na forma de micronúcleo e alterações citotóxicas dos tipos picnose, cariólise e cariorrexe. RESULTADOS: A frequência de picnose, bud e broken egg foi significativamente maior após a exposição aos raios X (p<0,05), porém não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação ao sexo, bem como nas demais alterações estudadas. CONCLUSÕES: A exposição aos raios X emitidos durante a obtenção da radiografia panorâmica pode induzir à morte celular no epitélio da mucosa oral de crianças. Não foi encontrado indício significativo de efeito genotóxico.

Genotoxicidade e citotoxicidade dos raios x em crianças submetidas à radiografia panorâmica / Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of x-rays in children exposed to panoramic radiography

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a genotoxicidade e a citotoxicidade produzidas por raios X no epitélio da mucosa oral de crianças durante a obtenção da radiografia panorâmica. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 30 crianças saudáveis, sendo 19 do sexo feminino e 11 do masculino, com faixa etária de 4 a 10 anos (média de 7 anos de idade). As células epiteliais da mucosa oral foram coletadas por meio de citologia esfoliativa em base líquida imediatamente antes e após sete dias da obtenção da radiografia panorâmica. Os esfregaços foram processados e corados utilizando a técnica de Feulgen Rossenbeck modificada. Foram analisadas e quantificadas projeções nucleares dos tipos bud e broken egg, alterações genotóxicas na forma de micronúcleo e alterações citotóxicas dos tipos picnose, cariólise e cariorrexe. Resultados: A frequência de picnose, bud e broken egg foi significativamente maior após a exposição aos raios X (p<0,05), porém não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação ao sexo, bem como nas demais alterações estudadas. Conclusões: A exposição aos raios X emitidos durante a obtenção da radiografia panorâmica pode induzir à morte celular no epitélio da mucosa oral de crianças. Não foi encontrado indício significativo de efeito genotóxico.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity produced by X-rays in the epithelium of the oral mucosa of infants exposed to panoramic radiography. Methods: The sample consisted of 30 healthy children, 19 females and 11 males, ranging in age from 4 to 10 years (average of 7 years of age). Oral mucosa cells were collected by liquid-based cytology immediately before and after seven days following the exposure to panoramic radiography. Smears were processed and stained using the modified Feulgen Rossenbeck technique. Bud and broken egg nuclear projections, changes in the form of micronuclei, and genotoxic and cytotoxic changes of pyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis were analyzed and quantified. Results: The frequency of pyknosis, buds and broken eggs was significantly higher after exposure to X-rays (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference regarding gender, as well as in the other changes studied. Conclusions: Exposure to X-rays emitted during submission to panoramic radiography may induce cell death in the epithelium of children's oral mucosa. No evidence was found for a significant genotoxic effect.

Pedicle Tongue Flap for Palatal Fistula Closure.

BACKGROUND: Palatal fistulae are common sequels that appear in patients after surgical procedures in the palate. Considering the difficulty to achieve an effective treatment, there are many techniques to surgically manage fistulae, that is, the pedicle tongue flap. OBJECTIVE: Being so, the main goal of this paper is to report cases of patients with palatal fistulae, from different etiologies, treated with anterior pedicle tongue flap. PATIENTS: Eleven patients, 8 male and 3 female, mean age of 32 years old with palatal fistulae surgically treated with anterior dorsal tongue flaps. No flap was completely lost. There was 1 partial loss and 1 residual buconasal communication. The most common complaints of the patients were difficulty to perform oral hygiene and mild pain. CONCLUSION: The use of anterior pedicle tongue flap for closing palatal fistulae demonstrates to be a safe procedure with high success rates (81% in this paper) when correctly indicated.

Histochemical analysis of collagen fibers in giant cell fibroma and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate collagen fibers in giant cell fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, and oral normal mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six cases were stained with picrosirius red. The slides were observed under polarization, followed by the measurement of the area and the percentage of the type I and type III collagens. The age and gender were obtained from the clinical records. RESULTS: No differences could be observed in both the area and percentage of the type I and type III collagens within the categories of lesions and normal mucosa. In the giant cells fibroma, a greater area and percentage of type I collagen could be identified in individuals of less than 41.5 years (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The distribution of type I and type III collagen fibers in the studied lesions followed a similar pattern to that observed in the normal mucosa, indicating a normal collagen maturation process of type III to I. The study supports that multinucleated and stellate cells of the giant cell fibroma appear to be functional within collagen types III and I turnover. The greater amount of type I collagen identified in giant cell fibroma in individuals of less than 41.5 years reinforce the neoplastic nature of lesion.

Perfil sociodemográfico e condição bucal de usuários de drogas em dois municípios do Estado do Paraná, Brasil / Sociodemographic profile and oral condition of drug users in two municipalities of the State of Paraná, Brazil

Introdução: A pesquisa das condições bucais de usuários de drogas é importante para ser conhecida esta população, cujo crescimento é ascendente no Brasil, a fim de que metas preventivas e atendimento adequado sejam traçados. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e a condição bucal desta população, em dois municípios paranaenses. Material e método: Foram coletados, por meio de questionário e de exame físico, dados de 100 indivíduos. Foram obtidos os seguintes valores: índice CPOD, profundidade de sondagem (PS), nível de inserção clínica (NIC), índice gengival (IG), índice de placa (IP) e sangramento à sondagem (SS). Após análise descritiva inicial, empregaram-se os testes t de Student e ANOVA one way. Resultado: A média da idade foi 29,12 anos. As maiores frequências foram: gênero masculino (95,5%), solteiros (69,0%), baixa escolaridade (41%) e maior consumo de drogas lícitas - tabaco (90,9%) e álcool (84,5%) - seguidas de crack (80,9%) e maconha (77,3%). A média do CPOD foi 15,21 (DP=5,84) e quanto maior o tempo de dependência, maior este índice (p<0,05). A média da PS foi 3,55 e do NIC, 3,59. O SS ocorreu em 82,7% dos casos e a inflamação moderada, em 79,5%. Placa detectável e moderado acúmulo de placa foram identificados em 39,5% e 35,3%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Predominaram indivíduos do gênero masculino, jovens, solteiros, com baixa escolaridade e consumidores de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, com condição bucal ruim. Sugere-se mais atenção dos profissionais da área odontológica e dos elaboradores de políticas públicas, com vistas a esta população.

Introduction: Epidemiological survey of the oral conditions of drug users is an important strategy to know this population, whose growth is increasing in Brazil, so that preventive goals and adequate treatment can be proposed. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic profile and oral health condition of drug users in rehab of two municipalities of the State of Paraná. Material and method: One hundred individuals participated in the study, which data were collected by questionnaire and physical exam. The following values were obtained: DMFT index (decay-missing-filled index), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Data analyses were performed by Student t test and one-way ANOVA. Result: The mean age of participants was 29.12 years. The major frequencies were: male (95.5%), single (69.0%), lower schooling (41%) and higher consumption of licit drugs tobacco (90.9%) and alcohol (84.5%), followed by crack (80.9%), and marijuana (77.3%). The mean DMFT index was 15.21 (SD=5.84), and the longer the dependence time, the greater this index (p<0.05). Mean PD was 3.55 and mean CAL was 3.59. BOP occurred in 82.7% and 79.5% showed moderate inflammation. Detectable plaque and moderate plaque accumulation were observed in 39.5% and 35.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence was observed in young and single males with low schooling, and with consumption of licit and illicit drugs. Poor oral health condition was identified, which deserves more attention from health professional and policymakers for this population.

Arnica montana does not affect mast cell populations in experimentally induced oral ulcers in rats / Arnica montana não afeta populações de mastócitos em úlceras orais induzidas experimentalmente em ratos

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that Arnica montana shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. It has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Arnica montana on mast cells during the wound healing of oral ulcers. METHOD: An ulcerated lesion was chemically induced on the tongue of 75 male albino rats and, then, treated topically for seven days using saline solution (control), Arnica montana gel or tincture. The animals were killed after 2nd, 7th, 14th, 21th and 42th day of treatment. The tongues were removed and subjected to routine laboratory (0.2% toluidine blue staining). The numbers of mast cell were determined in two regions: superficial and submucosa. RESULTS: The numbers of mast cells were significantly increased for all groups in the region of the deeper tissue when compared to the superficial region. No statistical difference was observed in mast cell numbers for each group. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that Arnica montana tincture and gel were unable to change mast cell population during wound healing of oral ulcer of rats. According to these results, the anti-inflammatory effects of Arnica montana were not related to inhibition of mast cell degranulation.

OBJETIVO: Sabe-se que a Arnica montana mostra atividade anti-inflamatória e anti-oxidante e tem sido usada em medicina tradicional para o tratamento de vários distúrbios. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da Arnica montana em mastócitos durante a cicatrização de feridas de úlceras orais. MÉTODO: Uma úlcera foi quimicamente induzida na língua de 75 ratos albinos machos e, em seguida, tratada topicamente durante sete dias, utilizando solução salina (controle), gel ou tintura de Arnica montana. Os animais foram sacrificados após 2, 7, 14, 21 e 42º dia de tratamento. As línguas foram removidas e submetidas a rotina de laboratório (coloração com 0,2% de azul de toluidina). A densidade de mastócitos foi determinada em duas regiões: superficial e submucosa. RESULTADOS: O número de mastócitos aumentou nitidamente para todos os grupos na região mais profunda do tecido peri-ulceroso, quando comparada à região superficial. Nenhuma diferença estatística foi observada no número de mastócitos entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo revelou que a tintura ou o gel de Arnica montana foram incapazes de interferir na população de mastócitos durante a cicatrização da úlcera oral de ratos. De acordo com estes resultados, os efeitos anti-inflamatórios de Arnica montana não foram relacionados à inibição da degranulação dos mastócitos.

Exuberant recurrent herpes labialis in immunocompromised patient - case report

Introduction: Herpes simplex labialis occurs by reactivation of herpes simplex virus type I, but infection with the virus type II can also lead to disease. Several factors, including exposure to intense sunlight, psychological stress or immunosuppression may trigger a recurrence. Objective: The purpose of this article is to report a case of herpes simplex labialis in an immunosuppressed patient. Case report: Male patient, 40 years of age, was admitted to the Hospital Oswaldo Cruz (Curitiba/PR) for presenting with dry cough and chest pain accompanied by fever, sweating and weight loss. The patient is a smoker, HIV positive and presented a case of pneumocystosis. The intraoral examination revealed a smooth tongue and erythematous candidiasis. Vesicular and crusted lesions were observed on the skin around the lips and vermilion. Considering these findings, diagnosis of recurrent herpes labialis was established. The patient was treated with acyclovir for 12 days when there was regression of the lesions. Conclusion: The dentist needs to be aware of cases of exacerbated recurrent herpes labialis that can be a strong indication of HIV infection/AIDS.

Experiências de aprendizagem mais efetivas segundo acadêmicos de Odontologia / Most effective learning experiences for dental students

O ensino centrado no professor ainda é amplamente abordado na maioria das Instituições de Ensino Superior brasileiras. Este método não prioriza a participação ativa do aluno no processo de construção do conhecimento. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi conhecer as experiências de aprendizagem consideradas mais significativas pelos acadêmicos de odontologia. Foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa, com análise descritiva e analítica utilizando questionário previamente testado. A amostra foi composta por 274 acadêmicos, regularmente matriculados no ano de 2014. Do total de alunos, 209 (76,3%) era do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 21,3±2,5 anos. Os resultados demonstraram que a estratégia de ensino que mais colaborou para a aprendizagem do aluno foram as atividades desenvolvidas em aulas práticas (186, 67,9%), contribuindo, segundo 171 (92,3%) alunos, de maneira intensa para sua formação. A segunda estratégia de ensino mais citada foi a participação em projetos de extensão (17, 6,2%). Observou-se tendência na preferência pelas atividades extraclasse entre acadêmicos do sexo feminino. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o tipo de estratégia de ensino e idade (p=0,211). Atividades em aulas práticas foram as que mais contribuíram para o aprendizado do acadêmico no âmbito universitário. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo, em conjunto com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, contribuam para a discussão sobre a necessidade de melhorias e inovação no ensino em odontologia (AU).

The teacher-centered method is still widely used in most universities in Brazil. This method does not prioritize the active participation of the student in the knowledge construction process. The objective of this research was to identify the most significant learning experience according dental students. A quantitative study, with descriptive and analytical analysis using pre-tested questionnaire was conducted. Of the total students, 209 (76.3%) were female, with a mean age of 21.3±2.5 years. The results showed that the teaching strategy that most contributed to student learning activities were developed in practical classes, 186 (67.9%), contributing for 171 (92.3%) students, intensively for their training. The second most cited teaching strategy by dental students was to participate in extension projects (17 / 6.2%). There was a trend in preference for extracurricular activities among female dental students. There was no statistically significant difference between learning experience preference and age (p=0.211). Activities in practical lessons were the ones that most contributed to learning for dental students. It is expected that the results of this study, together with the National Curriculum Guidelines could contribute in the discussion about the need of improvement and innovation in dental education (AU).

Fanconi Anemia: main oral manifestations / Anemia de Fanconi: principais manifestações bucais

Fanconi Anemia is a recessive and rare genetic disorder, characterized by chromosomal instability that induces congenital alterations in individuals. Aplastic anemia due to the progressive failure of the bone marrow, malignant neoplasias such as acute myeloid leukemia, liver tumors and squamous cell carcinoma are some of the possible evolutions of Fanconi Anemia. Some of these diseases develop mainly after bone marrow transplantation. The aim of this critical review of the literature was to discourse about the main oral manifestations and their involvement in the health of individuals who are ill with Fanconi Anemia. The clinical oral findings described in the literature include periodontal changes, such as gingivitis and aggressive periodontitis, recurrent aphthous ulcers and traumatic lesions. Papillary atrophy, macroglossia, melanic pigmentation and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common oral manifestations on the tongue. An increased risk for the development of malignant neoplasias in individuals with Fanconi Anemia has been reported, and this is progressive after bone marrow transplantation. In radiographs, dental anomalies such as the presence of supernumerary teeth, tooth agenesis, tooth rotation and transposition of teeth are observed. Salivary flow and some salivary components are also altered. Due to the increased susceptibility to the development of cancer in this specific population, it is important for the dentist to know the common oral manifestations and potentially cancerous lesions, in order to make an early diagnosis in individuals with Fanconi Anemia.

A Anemia de Fanconi é uma desordem genética recessiva e rara caracterizada por uma instabilidade cromossômica que induz a alterações congênitas nos indivíduos. Anemia aplásica pela falência progressiva da medula óssea, neoplasias malignas como leucemia mielóide aguda, tumores de fígado e carcinoma espinocelular, são algumas das possíveis evoluções da Anemia de Fanconi. Algumas dessas doenças desenvolvem-se principalmente após o transplante de medula óssea. O objetivo desta revisão crítica da literatura é discorrer sobre as principais manifestações bucais e sua implicação na saúde dos indivíduos doentes da Anemia de Fanconi. Os achados clínicos bucais descritos na literatura incluem alterações periodontais, como gengivite e periodontite agressiva; úlcera aftosa recorrente e lesão traumática. A atrofia papilar, macroglossia, pigmentação melânica e o carcinoma espinocelular são as manifestações bucais mais comuns na língua. Um aumento do risco ao desenvolvimento de neoplasias malignas em indivíduos com Anemia de Fanconi é relatado, sendo este progressivo após o transplante de medula óssea. Nas radiografias são observadas anomalias dentárias como a presença de supranumerários, agenesias dentárias, giroversão e transposição dentária. O fluxo salivar e alguns componentes salivares também estão alterados. Devido à suscetibilidade aumentada ao desenvolvimento do câncer nessa população específica, torna-se importante para o cirurgião dentista conhecer as manifestações bucais comuns e as lesões cancerizáveis para realizar um diagnóstico precoce nos indivíduos com Anemia de Fanconi.

Cone beam computed tomography and applicability in Dentistry: literature review

Introduction: An appropriate treatment planing is essential for successful rehabilitation in Dentistry. The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) represents a valuable resource in dental practice because it allows the establishment of a precise treatment plan by means of diagnostic imaging. Objective: To review the literature on CBCT. The history of development of this technique, its benefits and its applicability in different areas in Dentistry will be considered. Literature review: The CBCT offers advantages over the quality and quantity of anatomical data and promises less distortion of the image with low doses of radiation. It has been established as a valuable technique in the dental specialties. Conclusion: The use of CBCT as a diagnostic method must have precise and appropriate indication to provide adequate cost-benefit effectiveness in the patient's treatment.

Herpes-zóster com manifestação bucal em paciente imunossuprimido: relato de caso / Herpes zoster with oral manifestation in na immunocompromised patient: a case report

O herpes-zóster é uma infecção viral causada pela reativação do vírus da varicela-zóster. Esta doença pode afetar pacientes imunossuprimidos e caracteriza-se por lesões papulovesiculares distribuídas na região inervada pelo nervo afetado, causando dores intensas. Este artigo relata o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, leucoderma, 26 anos de idade, dependente químico, HIV positivo e com tuberculose ganglionar que procurou o Hospital Oswaldo Cruz (Curitiba/PR) tendo como queixa mal-estar geral, lesões na pele e mucosa oral, e linfadenopatia na região cervical. Discussão: O diagnóstico do herpes-zóster foi estabelecido por meio das características clínicas das lesões, e o tratamento estabelecido envolveu o uso de drogas antirretrovirais, analgésicos e antidepressivos. Conclusão: O cirurgião-dentista precisa estar atento às lesões papulovesiculares que acometem a pele e as mucosas de forma unilateral, acompanhadas de sintomas de prurido e dor, pois elas garantem o diagnóstico do herpes-zóster...

Herpes zoster is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of varicella zoster virus. This disease can affect immunocompromised patients and is characterized by papulovesicular lesions distributed in the inner¬vated region by the affected nerve and may result in severe pain. This article reports the case of a male patient, leucoderm, 26 years old, user of illicit drugs, HIV positive and with lymph node tuberculosis, who came to the hospital Oswaldo Cruz (Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil), having as general complaint malaise, skin and oral lesions, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Discussion: The diagnosis of herpes zoster has been established by clinical characteristics of the lesions and established treatment involved the use of antiretroviral drugs, analgesics and antidepressants. Conclusion: The dentist needs to be aware of papulovesicular lesions affecting the skin and mucous membranes unilaterally followed by symptoms of pruritus and pain, for these ensure the diagnosis of herpes zoster...

Cytological analysis of epithelial cells in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus / Análise citológica das células epiteliais de adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder condition, which may causes oral mucosa changes in adolescents. The effect of glycemic control on the oral tissues has been scarcely reported as well as the low number of oral mucosal lesions found in this population. The goal of this study is to evaluate cytopathological changes in oral epithelial cells of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and assess the glycemic control. Materials and methods: Oral smears were collected from normal mucosa by exfoliative cytology in 40 healthy adolescents and 40 with DM1. Cell morphology and cellularity were analyzed. Nuclear area (NA) and cytoplasmic area (CA) were measured; nuclear/cytoplasmic area ratio (NA/CA) was calculated. Time elapsed from the diagnosis of diabetes and glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference to NA, CA, NA/CA for both groups and also in relation to HbA1c (P > 0.05). No morphological differences were found among the groups (P > 0.05). There was a predominance of nucleated cells of the superficial layer in smears of both groups. Class I and Class II smears were predominant in both groups. Conclusion: This study revealed that type 1 diabetes mellitus and the glycemic control were unable to induce significant changes on oral epithelial cells in adolescents...

A diabetes mellitus do tipo 1 é uma doença metabólica crônica que pode causar alterações nas células do epitélio da mucosa bucal. O estudo do efeito do controle glicêmico nos tecidos bucais tem sido pouco relatado e o baixo número de lesões da mucosa bucal encontrada nesta população também. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações citológicas nas células epiteliais bucal de adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) e avaliar o controle glicêmico. Materiais e métodos: Esfregaços da mucosa normal foram coleta¬dos por citologia esfoliativa em 40 adolescentes com DM1 e 40 saudáveis. A morfologia celular e a celularidade foram analisadas. A área nuclear (NA) e área do citoplasma (CA) foram medidas, e a relação de área de núcleo/ citoplasma (NA/CA) foi calculada. O tempo decorrido desde o diagnóstico da diabetes e os níveis de hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) foram registrados. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa para NA, CA, NA/CA para ambos os grupos e também em função da HbA1c (P > 0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças morfológicas entre os grupos (P > 0,05). Houve um predomínio de células nucleadas da camada superficial em esfregaços de ambos os grupos. Esfregaços classe I e classe II foram predominantes em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: Este estudo revelou que o diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e o controle glicêmico não foram capazes de induzir alterações significativas nas células epiteliais da mucosa bucal de adolescentes...

Oral Kaposi's sarcoma in immunosuppressed patients: report of cases

Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular neoplasm composed of endothelium-lined vascular spaces and spindle-shaped cells. It often manifests with multiple vascular nodules on the skin and other organs. Kaposi sarcoma is rare in HIV negative patients and it is associated with HHV-8 infection. There are four types: classic, endemic, iatrogenic and HIV-associated. Patients with HIV/AIDS are also at increased risk of developing Kaposi sarcoma. Objective: The aim of this article is to present two cases of Kaposi sarcoma in the hard palate of HIV/AIDS male patients. Case report and conclusion: Kaposi sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any AIDS patient who presents with bluish, smooth, firm, nonpulsatile macule or nodule in the region of the hard palate. Development of Kaposi sarcoma in the oral cavity also has prognostic implications for untreated HIV patients, who are found to have higher death rates than patients affected only by cutaneous disease.

Prevalência de raiz supranumerária em caninos depacientes adultos jovens / Prevalence of supernumerary roots in mandibular canine ina young adult population

Introdução: Os dentes são estruturas duras e salientes que são compostas por polpa, dentina e esmalte e que estão implantadas nos ossos maxilares de muitos vertebrados. Anatomicamente, os dentes são divididos em duas partes, uma coroa e uma ou mais raízes. Os dentes podem apresentar raízes acessórias ou upranumerárias. O desenvolvimento de uma raiz supranumerária pode estar relacionado a trauma, pressão ou doença metabólica que afeta a bainha epitelial de Hertwig. Raízes supranumerárias podem ser totalmente desenvolvidas em tamanho e forma ou pequenas e rudimentares. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de raízes supranumerárias em caninos inferiores numa população de jovens em relação ao sexo e a localização. Materiais e métodos: Quinhentas e trinta radiografias periapicais de estudantes da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) foram avaliadas em ambiente escuro, usando um negatoscópio e uma máscara para evitar claridade excessiva. Cada radiografia foi analisada por dois observadores previamente treinados. Os dados foram tabulados e submetidos à análise estatística. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que a prevalência de raízes supranumerárias nos caninos inferiores foi de 15 casos (2,83%). Em relação ao sexo, a prevalência desta anomalia foi de doze casos em mulheres (80%) e três em homens (20%). Quanto à localização, seis casos foram bilaterais (40%), sendo todos em indivíduos do sexo feminino e nove casos unilaterais (60%) – seis em mulheres e três em homens. Conclusão: A ocorrência de raízes supranumerárias em caninos inferiores é baixa e acomete mais as mulheres.

Introduction: Teeth are hard and protruding structures that are composed of pulp, dentin and enamel and are implanted in the jaws of many vertebrates. Anatomically, the teeth are divided into two parts, a crown and one or more roots. The teeth may exhibit additional or supernumerary roots. The development of a supernumerary root may be related to trauma, pressure or metabolic disease that affects the epithelial sheath of Hertwig. Supernumerary roots can be fully developed in size and shape and small or rudimentary. Objective: To determine the prevalence of supernumerary roots in mandibular canine in a young adult population with regard to sex and location. Materials and methods: Five hundred and thirty periapical radiographs from students of Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) were evaluated in darkened room, using a light box and a mask to avoid excessive brightness. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of the supernumerary lower canines roots were 15 cases (2.83%). In relation to sex, the prevalence of this anomaly showed twelve cases in women (80%) and three men (20%). Six (40%) cases had their bilateral presentation and all occurred in females. Nine individuals presented unilateral occurrence (60%) – six women and three men. Conclusion: The occurrence of supernumerary roots in mandibular canine is low and affects more females.

Fluxo salivar e os níveis de ansiedade e depressão em pacientes com a Síndrome da Ardência Bucal: estudo de caso-controle / Salivary flow and levels of anxiety and depression in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: case control study

Objetivo: Avaliar os níveis de ansiedade e depressão, e medir a velocidade do fluxo salivar estimulado em indivíduos portadores da Síndrome da Ardência Bucal (SAB). Método: Um total de 60 indivíduos fez parte deste trabalho, dos quais 30 eram portadores da Síndrome da Ardência Bucal (grupo-caso) e 30 eram indivíduos saudáveis (grupo-controle). Os indivíduos foram submetidos a um exame físico e à coleta de saliva total estimulada para análise da velocidade do fluxo salivar, além de responderem ao questionário Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Resultado: No grupo-caso, 93% eram mulheres com média de idade de 61,3 anos. A língua mostrou-se a região bucal mais acometida pela sensação de queimação. Nos indivíduos com a Síndrome da Ardência Bucal, 86% dos pacientes sofriam de ansiedade e 73% de depressão; enquanto no grupo-controle, 46,7% dos indivíduos apresentaram algum nível de ansiedade e 23,3%, de depressão. Os testes do Qui-Quadrado e exato de Fischer revelaram haver diferença significativa entre os grupos em função dos níveis de ansiedade e depressão (p = 0,01). A sialometria revelou que as médias da velocidade do fluxo salivar total estimulada para os grupos-caso e controle foram de 1,02 e 1,06 mL/min, respectivamente (p> 0,05). Conclusão: A presença de alterações psicológicas ? tais como a ansiedade e a depressão ? pode representar um fator desencadeante da Síndrome da Ardência Bucal; porém, a velocidade do fluxo salivar não parece estar relacionada com essa síndrome.

Aim: To evaluate anxiety and depression levels and measure stimulated whole saliva flow rate in individuals with burning mouth syndrome. Method: The population analyzed consisted in 30 individuals with the syndrome (case group) and 30 healthy subjects (control group). Both groups were assessed by physical examination, stimulated flow rate analysis and answered the questionnaire HADS. Result: In the case group, 93% were women with a mean age of 61.3 years. Oral burning sensation was more frequent at the tongue. In those patients with burning mouth syndrome, 86% had suffered from anxiety and 73% depression; while in the control group: 46.7% of subjects had some level of anxiety and 23.3% depression. There were statistical differences between groups according to the anxiety and depression levels by Qui-square and Fischer tests (p = 0.01). Sialometry showed rates to the stimulated whole saliva flow rate case and control groups of 1.02 and 1.06 mL/min, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression may represent a predisposing factor of the BMS, though the decreased saliva flow rate is not a constant condition in this syndrome.

Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia: case report

Introduction: Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia is a pathologic entity resulting from bone and cementum reactional process which affects the periapical region of the anterior mandible. Its etiology is not fully understood, but possibly it is related to an unusual bone and cementum response to some local factor. Objective: The aim of this study is to present a case of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia. Case report: A 50 years-old female patient sought for dental care due to pain in the lower right premolar region. The panoramic radiography revealed the presence of an extensive radiolucent lesion with radiopaque areas located between the roots of the teeth #43 and #35. Teeth presented vitality and it was not observed any changes involving the periodontal ligament. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia diagnosis was established through clinical and radiographic features. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia does not require any treatment unless complications occur. Patient's complaint of discomfort was related to occlusal imbalance and was solved after the occlusion reestablishment. The patient was radiographically followed-up for 12 months and the lesion exhibits satisfactory signs of healing. Conclusion: The dentists need to be aware of asymptomatic intra-osseous lesions affecting the anterior region of mandible not to misconduct the diagnosis that could compromise the patient's oral health.

The effects of antidepressants and pilocarpine on rat parotid glands: an immunohistochemical study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of antidepressants and pilocarpine on the quantity of myoepithelial cells and on the proliferation index of the epithelial cells of rat parotid glands. INTRODUCTION: Hyposalivation, xerostomia, and alterations in saliva composition are important clinical side effects related to the use of antidepressants. METHODS: Ninety male Wistar rats were allocated to nine groups. The control groups received saline for 30 (group C30) or 60 days (group C60) or pilocarpine for 60 days (group Pilo). The experimental groups were administered fluoxetine (group F30) or venlafaxine for 30 days (group V30); fluoxetine (group FS60) or venlafaxine (group VS60) with saline for 60 days; or fluoxetine (group FP60) or venlafaxine (group VP60) with pilocarpine for 60 days. Parotid gland specimens were processed, and the immunohistochemical expression of calponin and proliferating cell nuclear anti-antigen on the myoepithelial and parenchymal cells, respectively, was evaluated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey HSD and Games-Howell tests were applied to detect differences among groups (p<0.05). RESULTS: Compared with the controls, chronic exposure to antidepressants was associated with an increase in the number of positively stained cells for calponin. In addition, venlafaxine administration for 30 days was associated with an increase in the number of positively stained cells for proliferating cell nuclear anti-antigen. Fluoxetine and pilocarpine (group FP60) induced a significant decrease in the number of positively stained cells for calponin compared with all other groups. CONCLUSIONS: The number of positively stained cells for calponin increased after chronic administration of antidepressants. The proliferation index of the epithelial cells of rat parotid glands was not altered by the use of antidepressants for 60 days.